在本土传统与域外智慧的共同作用之下,宋元时期玻璃生产实现了技术性进步,玻璃制品从宗教祭祀和宫廷专用逐渐走入百姓生活,成为人们日常生活的实用器物。就其本质来看,宋元玻璃工艺的转型发展是中国手工艺从技术依附走向审美自觉的重要历史进程。通过考古遗存、古籍文献、图像资料等多重证据,解析这一转变过程的内在机制与动因。基于物质文化分析方法与技术史考证,将玻璃宗教礼器、宫廷用器与市井日用器的材料、形制与设计进行比对,尤其关注玻璃制品在节日习俗等民众活动中的场景应用、时人关于玻璃观念的转变,以及玻璃工艺对于装饰性和特殊色彩的追求及表达。宋元玻璃工艺突破仿制传统的桎梏,通过装饰语言的创新探索与材料特质的自觉发掘,观照文人伦理批判,探索出工艺专属的创作路径和发展方向。

Under the combined influence of local traditions and foreign wisdom, glass production in the Song and Yuan dynasties achieved technological progress. Glass products gradually entered the lives of ordinary people from religious sacrifices and court exclusive use, becoming practical objects in people's daily life. In essence, the transformation and development of Song and Yuan glass crafts is an important historical process for Chinese handicrafts to move from technological dependence to aesthetic consciousness. This paper aims to analyze the internal mechanism and motivation of this transformation process through multiple evidences such as archaeological remains, ancient books and documents, and image data. Based on the material culture analysis method and technological history research, the materials, shapes and designs of glass religious ritual vessels, court utensils and market daily utensils are compared, especially focusing on the scene application of glass products in popular activities such as festivals and customs, the change of people's ideas about glass, and the pursuit and expression of decorativeness and special colors in glass crafts. It is found that Song and Yuan glass crafts broke through the shackles of imitation tradition, explored the creative path and development direction of crafts through innovative exploration of decorative language and conscious exploration of material characteristics, and observation the ethical criticism of literati.