With the continuous advancement of Chinese-style modernization and the increasing enhancement of societal cultural-ethical advancement, the field of fine arts has experienced prosperous development. Among these, public art, which relies on social public spaces for artistic expression, has garnered widespread attention from all sectors of society in the current spatio-temporal context due to its dual characteristics of "publicness" and "artistic nature," as well as its "diversified" development trend. By engaging in artistic practice within the realm of public culture, public art promotes citizens' awareness of social vision and responsibility, allowing more non-art professionals to participate in and enjoy the pleasures of culture and art. From the perspective of public space governance, mixed research methods such as literature review, field observation, and case analysis are comprehensively employed to further explore the strategies and methods through which public art contributes to cultural-ethical advancement. In addition to revealing the significant role of public art beyond its unique aesthetic appeal, it has profound significance in multiple aspects specifically in showcasing and fostering a social culture that embodies the common values of all humanity, advocating for the cultivation of a civilized and healthy aesthetic consciousness, nurturing public spirit and sense of place, as well as conveying cultural connotations and realizing political intentions. Ultimately, through a functional study of the social aesthetic education of public art, this paper aims to contribute to the people's cultural-ethical advancement.