Under the combined influence of local traditions and foreign wisdom, glass production in the Song and Yuan dynasties achieved technological progress. Glass products gradually entered the lives of ordinary people from religious sacrifices and court exclusive use, becoming practical objects in people's daily life. In essence, the transformation and development of Song and Yuan glass crafts is an important historical process for Chinese handicrafts to move from technological dependence to aesthetic consciousness. This paper aims to analyze the internal mechanism and motivation of this transformation process through multiple evidences such as archaeological remains, ancient books and documents, and image data. Based on the material culture analysis method and technological history research, the materials, shapes and designs of glass religious ritual vessels, court utensils and market daily utensils are compared, especially focusing on the scene application of glass products in popular activities such as festivals and customs, the change of people's ideas about glass, and the pursuit and expression of decorativeness and special colors in glass crafts. It is found that Song and Yuan glass crafts broke through the shackles of imitation tradition, explored the creative path and development direction of crafts through innovative exploration of decorative language and conscious exploration of material characteristics, and observation the ethical criticism of literati.